Scientists at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences propose that the Higgs boson may engage with new physics via decay into unique particles, according to Hidden Valley designs. These designs suggest that future particle accelerators might observe this exotic decay, potentially leading the way for understanding brand-new physics beyond our current Standard Model.
It might be that the popular Higgs boson, co-responsible for the presence of masses of primary particles, also communicates with the world of the new physics that has actually been sought for years. If this were certainly to be the case, the Higgs should decay in a particular method, involving unique particles. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, it has actually been shown that if such decays do certainly take place, they will be observable in followers to the LHC currently being created.
When discussing the surprise valley, our very first thoughts are of dragons instead of sound science. However, in high-energy physics, this picturesque name is provided to specific designs that extend the set of currently understood elementary particles. In these so-called Hidden Valley models, the particles of our world as described by the Standard Model come from the low-energy group, while unique particles are concealed in the high-energy region. Theoretical considerations suggest then the exotic decay of the well-known Higgs boson, something that has actually not been observed at the LHC accelerator in spite of several years of searching. Nevertheless, researchers at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow argue that Higgs decays into unique particles need to currently be perfectly observable in accelerators that are successors to the Large Hadron Collider– if the Hidden Valley designs end up being consistent with truth.
” In Hidden Valley designs we have 2 groups of particles separated by an energy barrier. The theory is that there might then be unique massive particles that might cross this barrier under specific circumstances. The particles like Higgs boson or hypothetic Z boson would function as communicators between the particles of both worlds. The Higgs boson, one of the most enormous particle of the Standard Model, is a great candidate for such a communicator,” discusses Prof. Marcin Kucharczyk (IFJ PAN), lead author of a short article in the Journal of High Energy Physics, which provides the most recent analyses and simulations concerning the possibility of identifying Higgs boson rots in the future lepton accelerators.
In these so-called Hidden Valley designs, the particles of our world as described by the Standard Model belong to the low-energy group, while unique particles are hidden in the high-energy area. The particles like Higgs boson or hypothetic Z boson would act as communicators between the particles of both worlds. The unique particles would gradually diverge and eventually decay, usually into quark-antiquark appeal pairs noticeable in modern detectors as jets of particles moved from the axis of the lepton beam.
Protons are not elementary particles– they are made up of 3 valence quarks bound by strong interactions, capable of producing big numbers of continuously appearing and vanishing virtual particles, consisting of quark-antiquark sets. We have actually treated this model as agent of lots of other propositions for new physics and have shown that if, as anticipated by the design, the Higgs bosons decay into unique particles, this phenomenon needs to be completely noticeable in those electron and positron colliders which are prepared to be launched in the near future,” concludes Prof. Kucharczyk.
The communicator, after passing into the low energy region, would decay into two rather enormous unique particles. The exotic particles would slowly diverge and eventually decay, usually into quark-antiquark appeal sets visible in modern detectors as jets of particles moved from the axis of the lepton beam.
The search for unique Higgs boson decays in future lepton colliders: 1) an electron and a positron from opposing beams collide; 2) the collision produces a high-energy Higgs boson; 3) the boson decomposes into two exotic particles moving far from the axis of the beams; 4) exotic particles decay into sets of quark-antiquark, visible to detectors. Credit: IFJ PAN
Their tracks would then have to be retrospectively rebuilded to find the places where unique particles are most likely to have decomposed. The size of these shifts depends, amongst other things, on masses and average lifetime of unique particles appearing throughout the Higgs decay,” says Mateusz Goncerz, M.Sc.
Protons are not elementary particles– they are made up of 3 valence quarks bound by strong interactions, capable of producing big numbers of constantly appearing and disappearing virtual particles, consisting of quark-antiquark sets. They form a background in which it becomes virtually impossible to find the particles from the exotic Higgs boson decomposes that are being looked for.
The detection of possible Higgs rots to these states need to be drastically improved by accelerators being designed as successors to the LHC: the CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) and the FCC (Future Circular Collider). Electrons and positrons are devoid of internal structure, so the background for unique Higgs boson rots ought to be weaker than at the LHC.
In their research, physicists from the IFJ PAN considered the most important criteria of the CLIC and FCC accelerators and identified the likelihood of exotic Higgs decomposes with last states in the type of 4 beauty quarks and antiquarks. To make sure that the predictions cover a larger group of models, the masses and suggest lifetimes of the exotic particles were thought about over appropriately wide varieties of worths. The conclusions are surprisingly positive: all indications are that, in future electron-positron colliders, the background of exotic Higgs rots might be minimized even significantly, by numerous orders of magnitude, and in many cases might even be thought about negligible.
The existence of particle communicators is not only possible in Hidden Valley models, but also in other extensions of the Standard Model. So if the detectors of future accelerators register a signature corresponding to the Higgs decomposes examined by the Cracow scientists, this will just be the initial step on the roadway to comprehending brand-new physics. The next will be to collect an adequately large number of occasions and figure out the primary decay specifications that can be compared to the predictions of theoretical models of the new physics.
” The primary conclusion of our work is for that reason purely practical. We are uncertain whether the new physics particles included in Higgs boson rots will come from the Hidden Valley design we used. We have treated this model as representative of lots of other propositions for new physics and have shown that if, as forecasted by the design, the Higgs bosons decay into unique particles, this phenomenon ought to be completely visible in those electron and positron colliders which are prepared to be introduced in the near future,” concludes Prof. Kucharczyk.
Reference: “Search for unique decays of the Higgs boson into long-lived particles with jet pairs in the last state at CLIC” by Marcin Kucharczyk and Mateusz Goncerz, 17 March 2023, Journal of High Energy Physics.DOI: 10.1007/ JHEP03( 2023 )131.
The research study in concern was moneyed by an OPUS grant from the Polish National Science Centre.