November 22, 2024

A Cosmic First: Astronomers Uncover a Planet-Forming Disc in Another Galaxy

With the combined capabilities of ESOs Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a disc around a young enormous star in another galaxy has been observed. Observations from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the VLT, left, reveal the parent cloud LHA 120-N 180B in which this system, called HH 1177, was very first observed. Observations from ALMA, right, then exposed the rotating disc around the star, likewise with sides moving towards and away from us.
This research study follows up observations with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument on ESOs Very Large Telescope (VLT), which found a jet from a forming star– the system was named HH 1177– deep inside a gas cloud in the Large Magellanic Cloud. “We found a jet being released from this young massive star, and its existence is a signpost for continuous disc accretion,” McLeod states. However to confirm that such a disc was indeed present, the team required to measure the motion of the thick gas around the star.
The image was acquired with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on ESOs Very Large Telescope (VLT) and reveals jets being released from the star. Researchers then utilized the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), to discover evidence for a disc surrounding the young star. An artists impression of the system, showcasing both the jets and the disc, is shown on the right panel.
As matter is pulled towards a growing star, it can not fall straight onto it; rather, it flattens into a spinning disc around the star. Closer to the center, the disc turns faster, and this distinction in speed is the smoking gun that reveals astronomers an accretion disc is present.
” The frequency of light modifications depending upon how fast the gas producing the light is moving towards or away from us,” discusses Jonathan Henshaw, a research study fellow at Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, and co-author of the research study. “This is specifically the very same phenomenon that happens when the pitch of an ambulance siren modifications as it passes you and the frequency of the noise goes from higher to decrease.”
Utilizing the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a team of astronomers managed to capture sight of a disc in HH 1177 by observing its rotation, as animated in this artists impression. This is the very first time astronomers have discovered a disc around a young star in another galaxy, the type of disc similar to those forming planets in our own galaxy. The star radiant in the center is gathering matter from a dirty disc while likewise expelling matter in effective jets.
The detailed frequency measurements from ALMA permitted the authors to differentiate the particular spin of a disc, verifying the detection of the first disc around an extragalactic young star.
This spectacular region of newly-forming stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) was recorded by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument on ESOs Very Large Telescope. The relatively small amount of dust in the LMC and MUSEs severe vision allowed complex details of the region to be selected in noticeable light. Credit: ESO, A McLeod et al
. Comprehending Massive Star Formation
Massive stars, like the one observed here, type far more rapidly and live far shorter lives than low-mass stars like our Sun. In our galaxy, these massive stars are infamously challenging to observe and are often obscured from view by the dirty product from which they form at the time a disc is forming around them. Nevertheless, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy 160,000 light-years away, the material from which brand-new stars are being born is basically various from that in the Milky Way. Thanks to the lower dust content, HH 1177 is no longer cloaked in its natal cocoon, providing astronomers an unobstructed, if far, view of star and world development.
This video begins with a large view of the Milky Way, zooming into the Large Magellanic Cloud 160,000 light-years away, all the method to the young galaxy HH 1177 within it. Credit: ESO
” We are in an age of quick technological improvement when it concerns astronomical facilities,” McLeod states. “Being able to study how stars form at such unbelievable ranges and in a different galaxy is very interesting.”
The image is a color composite made from exposures from the Digitized Sky Survey 2, and reveals the area surrounding LHA 120-N 180B, noticeable at the center of the image. Credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin
Reference: “A most likely Keplerian disk feeding an optically revealed enormous young star” by Anna McLeod et al., 29 November 2023, Nature.DOI: 10.1038/ s41586-023-06790-2.
The disk was spotted within an area in the Large Magellanic Cloud referred to as LHA 120-N 180B.
This chart reveals the area of the HII region LHA 120-N 180B in the constellation of Mensa (The Table Mountain). This map consists of many of the stars noticeable to the unaided eye under great conditions, and the region of sky shown in this image is suggested.
The group is made up of A. F. McLeod (Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, UK), P. D. Klaassen (UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, UK), M. Reiter (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, USA), J. Henshaw (Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Germany), R. Kuiper (Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany), and A. Ginsburg (Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, USA).

In an impressive discovery, astronomers have found a disc around a young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy surrounding ours. The new observations reveal an enormous young star, accreting and growing matter from its environments and forming a turning disc. With the combined capabilities of ESOs Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a disc around a young massive star in another galaxy has been observed. Scientist then utilized the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), to discover proof for a disc surrounding the young star. In our galaxy, these enormous stars are notoriously challenging to observe and are frequently obscured from view by the dirty product from which they form at the time a disc is forming around them.

This artists impression reveals the HH 1177 system, which lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring galaxy of our own. The enormous and young stellar item radiant in the center is collecting matter from a dusty disc while also expelling matter in effective jets. This is the very first time a disc around a young star– the kind of disc similar to those forming worlds in our own galaxy– has actually been discovered in another galaxy. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
Utilizing the ALMA telescope, astronomers have actually detected a disc forming around a young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, marking the very first discovery of its kind outside our galaxy.
In an impressive discovery, astronomers have found a disc around a young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a galaxy surrounding ours. The new observations reveal a huge young star, accreting and growing matter from its environments and forming a rotating disc.
First Extragalactic Accretion Disc Detected
” When I first saw evidence for a rotating structure in the ALMA information I might not think that we had identified the first extragalactic accretion disc, it was a special minute,” says Anna McLeod, an associate teacher at Durham University in the UK and lead author of the research study released today (November 29) in the journal Nature. “We know discs are important to forming stars and planets in our galaxy, and here, for the very first time, were seeing direct proof for this in another galaxy.”