” This basic physical restriction offers an unique opportunity to estimate the minimum rate of magma emplacement that was required to keep the Skaergaard magma body in a mostly molten state (<<< < 1% crystals) while growing to its present size," says Dr. Sofya Chistyakova from the School of Geosciences at Wits University. The scientists utilized mathematical simulations to calculate the conditions required for the development of such a huge crystal-free magma chamber and discovered that the Skaergaard invasion must have taken place within a couple of years, if not months/weeks. Vertical development rates need to have been in the hundreds to thousands of meters per year, equating to volumetric flow rates in the 10s to numerous cubic kilometers annually. This implies that the volumetric circulation rate that fed Skaergaard was several orders of magnitude higher than the currently recognized basaltic magma chamber development rates. The researchers proposed that the Skaergaard and potentially other layered intrusions can be deemed plutonic equivalents of super-eruptions (or disastrous intrusions) that grow by means of incredibly fast magma emplacement into the crust, producing absolutely molten lava chambers in a matter of a few weeks/months to maximum dozens/hundreds of years. " In other words, we recommend that some layered mafic intrusions may represent the plutonic analogs of the Large Igneous Provinces-related volcanoes that are accountable for eruptions of huge volumes of flood basalts on the Earths surface," says Latypov. Recommendation: "Catastrophic development of completely molten magma chambers in months to years" by Catherine Annen, Rais Latypov, Sofya Chistyakova, Alexander R. Cruden and Troels F. D. Nielsen, 23 September 2022, Science Advances.DOI: 10.1126/ sciadv.abq0394. Basaltic lava is low in potassium and salt but high in calcium, magnesium, and iron. A brand-new study makes an unanticipated discovery. Geologists from Wits University in Johannesburg (Professor Rais Latypov and Dr. Sofya Chistyakova) became part of an international team of researchers who have suddenly found that basaltic magma chambers can grow exceptionally rapidly-- in months to years-- making these chambers exceptional intrusive equivalents of caldera-forming eruptions gotten in touch with the Large Igneous Provinces. The groundbreaking study was just recently released in the journal Science Advances.. Numerical simulations suggest that the minimum vertical emplacement rate for the Skaergaard magma chamber in Greenland is of the order of a number of 100s to a few 1000s m/yr. Credit: University of the Witwatersrand. Professor Rais Latypov says "The vertical rate at which lava chambers grow by means of lava emplacement is highly disputed. Based upon high-precision zircon dating and surface deformation measurements, many plutons are currently thought to be emplaced very gradually (a couple of cm/year). Such sluggish rates are, nevertheless, tough to fix up with the existence of big, well-differentiated invasions which appear to form just if emplacement rates are extremely high. An essential question we tried to address is which rate of lava emplacement is required to keep the growing chamber completely molten?". Professor Rais Latypov, Dr. Catherine Annen, and Dr. Sofya Chistyakova (from right to left). Credit: University of the Witwatersrand. The scientists used a novel method to address this concern, utilizing the iconic Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland, which began crystallizing from all margins inwards only after it had been completely filled with nearly crystal-free magma. Teacher Rais Latypov states "The vertical rate at which magma chambers grow through lava emplacement is extremely discussed. A key question we tried to address is which rate of lava emplacement is needed to keep the growing chamber totally molten?". The researchers utilized numerical simulations to calculate the conditions required for the formation of such a massive crystal-free magma chamber and found that the Skaergaard invasion must have occurred within a few decades, if not months/weeks.