Black holes with measurements of billions of kilometers (left, as imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope) share features with a dense state of subatomic gluons created in collisions of atomic nuclei (right). Credit: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (left) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (right).
Physicists have shown that great voids and the thick state of gluons, which are the “glue” particles responsible for holding nuclear matter together, have comparable characteristics.
The Science
Physicists have revealed an amazing correspondence between dense gluon states, which are accountable for the strong nuclear force within atomic nuclei, and enormous black holes in the universe. Thick gluon walls, referred to as color glass condensate (CGC), emerge from collisions in between atomic nuclei and are extremely little, determining just 10-19 kilometers in size– less than a billionth of a kilometer. In plain contrast, great voids can cover billions of kilometers.
This innovative research study exposes that both systems include densely organized, self-interacting force provider particles. When it comes to CGC, these particles are gluons, while in black holes, they are gravitons. Both the company of gluons within CGC and gravitons within great voids is optimized for the energy and size of each respective system.
The Impact
The high degree of order in CGC and black holes is driven by each system packaging in the maximal amount of quantum “info” possible about the particles features. This includes their spatial distributions, velocities, and cumulative forces. Such limits on “details” material are universal. This implies the research suggests that quantum info science might offer novel organizing concepts for comprehending these commonly different systems.
The mathematical correspondence between these systems likewise implies that studying each can enhance our understanding of the other. Of particular interest are comparisons of gravitational shockwaves in black hole mergers with gluon shockwaves in nuclear crashes.
Summary
Researchers study the strong force in nuclear collisions. For instance, at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, a Department of Energy user center, atomic nuclei sped up near the speed of light become thick walls of gluons called color glass condensate (CGC). When the nuclei clash, CGC evolves to form a nearly perfect liquid of quarks and gluons, the basic building obstructs that make up all visible matter.
Though the strong force operates at subatomic scales, this current analysis by researchers at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, limit Planck Institute for Physics, and Brookhaven National Laboratory shows that CGC shares features with great voids, massive corporations of gravitons that put in gravitational force across the universe.
Both sets of self-interacting particles appear to organize themselves in such a way that pleases a universal limit on the amount of entropy, or disorder, that can exist in each system. This mathematical correspondence points to similarities in between black hole decay, formation, and thermalization and what happens when walls of gluons clash in nuclear crashes at ultrarelativistic speeds– near the speed of light.
The limitation on entropy that drives this correspondence is associated with maximal information packing– a key function of quantum information science (QIS). QIS might for that reason even more inform scientists understanding of gluons, gravitons, CGC, and black holes. This method may likewise advance the style of quantum computers that use cold atoms to imitate and address concerns about these complex systems.
Recommendation: “Classicalization and unitarization of wee partons in QCD and gravity: The CGC-black hole correspondence” by Gia Dvali and Raju Venugopalan, 29 March 2023, Physical Review D.DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRevD.105.056026.
The research study was fudned by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Nuclear Physics program, the Humboldt Foundation, and the German Research Foundation.
The high degree of order in CGC and black holes is driven by each system packaging in the optimum quantity of quantum “information” possible about the particles functions. QIS may therefore even more inform scientists understanding of gluons, gravitons, CGC, and black holes.
Physicists have revealed an exceptional correspondence between dense gluon states, which are accountable for the strong nuclear force within atomic nuclei, and huge black holes in the universe. In the case of CGC, these particles are gluons, while in black holes, they are gravitons. Both the organization of gluons within CGC and gravitons within black holes is enhanced for the energy and size of each respective system.