Astronomers found the most distant black hole ever spotted in X-rays (in a galaxy called UHZ1) utilizing the Chandra and Webb area telescopes. X-ray emission is a telltale signature of a growing supermassive black hole. These images show the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 that UHZ1 is situated behind, in X-rays from Chandra and infrared information from Webb, as well as close-ups of the black hole host galaxy UHZ1. Do they form directly from the collapse of huge clouds of gas, creating black holes weighing in between about 10,000 and 100,000 Suns? Bogdans group has actually discovered compelling proof that the freshly discovered black hole was born enormous.
Implications for Black Hole Formation
This discovery is essential for understanding how some supermassive great voids can reach gigantic masses not long after the Big Bang. Do they form straight from the collapse of enormous clouds of gas, developing black holes weighing in between about 10,000 and 100,000 Suns? Or do they originate from surges of the very first stars that create black holes weighing just between about 10 and 100 Suns?
” There are physical limitations on how rapidly black holes can grow as soon as theyve formed, however ones that are born more enormous have a head start. Its like planting a sapling, which takes less time to grow into a full-size tree than if you started with only a seed,” stated Andy Goulding of Princeton University. Goulding is a co-author of the Nature Astronomy paper and lead author of a new paper in The Astrophysical Journal Letters that reports the galaxys distance and mass utilizing a spectrum from Webb.
Illustration: Formation of a Heavy Seed Black Hole from Direct Collapse of a Massive Cloud of Gas. Credit: NASA/STScI/Leah Hustak
Proof of a Born Massive Black Hole
Bogdans group has actually found compelling evidence that the newly found black hole was born huge. Its mass is approximated to fall in between 10 and 100 million Suns, based on the brightness and energy of the X-rays. This mass variety resembles that of all the stars in the galaxy where it lives, which is in stark contrast to great voids in the centers of galaxies in the neighboring universe that usually contain only about a tenth of a percent of the mass of their host galaxys stars.
The large mass of the black hole at a young age, plus the quantity of X-rays it produces and the brightness of the galaxy found by Webb, all agree with theoretical predictions in 2017 by co-author Priyamvada Natarajan of Yale University for an “Outsize Black Hole” that directly formed from the collapse of a substantial cloud of gas.
” We believe that this is the first detection of an Outsize Black Hole and the very best proof yet obtained that some black holes form from massive clouds of gas,” stated Natarajan. “For the very first time we are seeing a quick phase where a supermassive black hole weighs about as much as the stars in its galaxy, before it falls back.”
Future Research and Collaborative Efforts
The researchers prepare to use this and other outcomes gathering from Webb and those combining information from other telescopes to complete a bigger image of the early universe.
NASAs Hubble Space Telescope previously showed that light from distant galaxies is highly magnified by matter in the intervening galaxy cluster, supplying part of the inspiration for the Webb and Chandra observations described here.
Referrals:
” Evidence for heavy-seed origin of early supermassive black holes from a z ≈ 10 X-ray quasar” by Ákos Bogdán, Andy D. Goulding, Priyamvada Natarajan, Orsolya E. Kovács, Grant R. Tremblay, Urmila Chadayammuri, Marta Volonteri, Ralph P. Kraft, William R. Forman, Christine Jones, Eugene Churazov and Irina Zhuravleva, 6 November 2023, Nature Astronomy.DOI: 10.1038/ s41550-023-02111-9.
” UNCOVER: The Growth of the First Massive Black Holes from JWST/NIRSpec– Spectroscopic Redshift Confirmation of an X-Ray Luminous AGN at z = 10.1″ by Andy D. Goulding, Jenny E. Greene, David J. Setton, Ivo Labbe, Rachel Bezanson, Tim B. Miller, Hakim Atek, Ákos Bogdán, Gabriel Brammer, Iryna Chemerynska, Sam E. Cutler, Pratika Dayal, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Seiji Fujimoto, Lukas J. Furtak, Vasily Kokorev, Gourav Khullar, Joel Leja, Danilo Marchesini, Priyamvada Natarajan, Erica Nelson, Pascal A. Oesch, Richard Pan, Casey Papovich, Sedona H. Price, Pieter van Dokkum, Bingjie Wang, 冰洁 王, John R. Weaver, Katherine E. Whitaker and Adi Zitrin, 22 September 2023, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.DOI: 10.3847/ 2041-8213/ acf7c5.
The paper explaining the outcomes by Bogdans group appears in Nature Astronomy. In addition to those listed above, the authors consist of Orsolya Kovacs (Masaryk University, Czech Republic), Grant Tremblay (CfA), Urmila Chadayammuri (CfA), Marta Volonteri (Institut dAstrophysique de Paris, France), Ralph Kraft (CfA), William Forman (CfA), Christine Jones (CfA), Eugene Churazov (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany), and Irina Zhuravleva (University of Chicago).
The Webb information used in both papers is part of a survey called the Ultradeep Nirspec and nirCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER). A detailed interpretation paper that compares observed properties of UHZ1 with theoretical designs for Outsize Black Hole Galaxies is forthcoming.
NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center manages the Chandra program. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatorys Chandra X-ray Center manages science operations from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and flight operations from Burlington, Massachusetts.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the worlds leading space science observatory. Webb is fixing mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to remote worlds around other stars, and penetrating the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is a worldwide program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
Integrating Chandra and Webb Data
By combining information from NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory and NASAs James Webb Space Telescope, a team of scientists was able to discover the telltale signature of a growing great void simply 470 million years after the Big Bang.
This magnifying effect is understood as gravitational lensing.
Astronomers found the most distant black hole ever identified in X-rays (in a galaxy called UHZ1) utilizing the Chandra and Webb area telescopes. These images reveal the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 that UHZ1 is situated behind, in X-rays from Chandra and infrared data from Webb, as well as close-ups of the black hole host galaxy UHZ1.
Distance Measurements and Lensing Effects
Bogdan and his group found the black hole in a galaxy named UHZ1 in the direction of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744, situated 3.5 billion light-years from Earth. Webb information, nevertheless, has exposed the galaxy is far more far-off than the cluster, at 13.2 billion light-years from Earth, when the universe was only 3% of its current age.
Then over 2 weeks of observations with Chandra showed the existence of extreme, superheated, X-ray releasing gas in this galaxy– a trademark for a growing supermassive black hole. The light from the galaxy and the X-rays from gas around its supermassive great void are amplified by about an element of 4 by intervening matter in Abell 2744 (due to gravitational lensing), boosting the infrared signal spotted by Webb and enabling Chandra to identify the faint X-ray source.
Utilizing NASAs Chandra and Webb telescopes, astronomers have actually discovered an ancient, enormous great void, providing ideas about the origins of deep spaces very first supermassive great voids and tough previous theories about their development. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/ Ákos Bogdán; Infrared: NASA/ESA/CSA/ STScI; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/ L. Frattare & & K. Arcand
Astronomers have discovered the most remote X-ray black hole, challenging our understanding of supermassive black hole development in the early universe.
Astronomers using NASA telescopes have discovered the most distant black hole observed in X-rays to date. The black hole is at an early phase of growth that had actually never been seen previously, where its mass is comparable to that of its host galaxy.
This outcome might discuss how a few of the very first supermassive great voids in the universe formed.
