“Exceptional conditions on 5 May 2021 permitted close-range (~ 300 m), extremely time-resolved (every ~ 2 s) spectroscopic measurement of given off gases during 16 fountain-repose cycles,” the researchers write in the article.
The findings were reported in the journal Nature Communications.
Sketch of the lava fountaining cycle at Fagradalsfjall. Image credits: Scott et al. (2023 ).
The lava didnt simply stream nicely from the volcano. It gushed and gushed, creating striking “lava water fountains”. Now, a new study has shed light on the systems behind this lava fountaining, revealing how precisely this amazing phenomenon can form.
A group of volcanologists performed in-depth spectroscopic measurements of volcanic gases throughout these fountaining episodes. They used an unique method called Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy. This approach is well-suited for rapid observations of big locations (from square meters to square kilometers).
Pumping lava.
This brand-new understanding obstacles conventional designs of lava fountaining, which often emphasize the role of quick magma climb and gas-magma flow dynamics. The study at Fagradalsfjall points to a more intricate interplay of aspects, including magma degassing at shallow depths and the accumulation and release of pressure in near-surface cavities.
Lava circulation and fountain in 2021. Image through Wiki Commons.
This study not just unwinds the mystery behind the Fagradalsfjall volcanos unique habits however likewise sets the phase for further expedition into the depths of volcanic phenomena. The ongoing study of such dynamic natural procedures is important for advancing our knowledge of Earths geology and enhancing our capability to forecast and mitigate the effects of volcanic eruptions.
Fagradalsfjall is a rare type of volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick ice sheet. The findings from Fagradalsfjall have broad ramifications for our understanding of volcanic habits, particularly in basaltic eruptions– as is the case here.
Lava fountains are not just visually enchanting; they are also key to understanding volcanic habits. At Fagradalsfjall, an unique pattern was observed: short, extreme fountaining episodes followed by similarly brief durations of repose.
By studying the chemical composition of the lava water fountain, the research team proposes that the lava fountaining resulted from pressure cycles within a shallow, magma-filled cavity. Fagradalsfjall is a rare type of volcano formed when lava appears through a thick ice sheet.
By studying the chemical structure of the lava water fountain, the research study group proposes that the lava fountaining arised from pressure cycles within a shallow, magma-filled cavity. As magma rose, the increasing gas content caused the formation of a foam layer at the cavitys roof. The collapse of this layer and the subsequent increase and growth of gas bubbles produced the vibrant overpressure driving the fountains.
The Fagradalsfjall volcano in Iceland emerged marvelously in 2021, producing a terrifying and stunning display of lava However the lava didnt just stream nicely from the volcano. It gushed and spewed, developing striking “lava water fountains”. Now, a new research study has clarified the systems behind this lava fountaining, demonstrating how precisely this incredible phenomenon can form.