Lightweight, Flexible, and Efficient: Unlocking the Secrets of Electron Behavior in Organic Devices

Understanding how electrons behave and the surface structure of triphenylene thin film molecules on graphite substrates changes under light irradiation.

The field of organic electronics has attracted considerable attention from both academia and industry, thanks to its promising applications in OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes) and organic solar cells. These applications benefit from being lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective. These devices are made by depositing a thin film of organic molecules onto a substrate that acts as an electrode, and function by controlling the transfer of electrons between the thin film and the substrate.

Therefore, understanding electron behavior at the interface between the substrate and the thin film, coupled with the electronic properties of the organic thin film, is crucial for the further advancement of organic electronics. Moreover, the simultaneous observation of photocarrier electrons and intramolecular photoexcitation would offer more insights into thin films of organic molecules.

Challenges in Studying Electron Dynamics

Although the static electronic states of thin films of organic molecules have been studied in detail using a technique called photoelectron spectroscopy, the accurate detection of the dynamic behavior of electrons attempting to express their functions in devices has been challenging, hindering progress.

A research group led by Associate Professor Masahiro Shibuta of the Graduate School of Engineering at Osaka Metropolitan University observed the electronic behavior and surface structure of a thin film of triphenylene (TP) molecules deposited on a graphite substrate using two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction.

The results showed that the TP molecules exhibit a special structure in which they are adsorbed in a standing-up configuration onto the substrate. Both electrons were injected from the substrate into the TP molecules upon light irradiation, and the electrons photo-excited in the molecular thin film were successfully observed simultaneously in a single sample. Additionally, strong photoluminescence was also observed on a thin film with only one layer of molecules in a special structure where the molecules were adsorbed diagonally on the substrate, as in the case of the TP molecules. It is expected that these results will contribute to the development of new luminescent materials and to the further development of functional organic electronic devices.

“2PPE spectroscopy is still a novel method for evaluating electronic states, but it suffers from the fact that the electronic states are sometimes well observed and sometimes not, despite the time-consuming nature of the well-optimized measurement,” Professor Shibuta said. “Our findings highlighted that the visibility of the electronic state is closely related to the adsorption mode of the molecule on the substrate and its electronic properties. In other words: Not only the type of molecules but also the way they are arranged must be properly controlled to create a device that can fully showcase their functions. I am delighted that our research is providing insights into the development of functional material for practical applications.”

Reference: “Probing of Photocarrier Electrons and Excitons at an Organic Monolayer Film Studied by Two-Photon Photoemission Spectroscopy” by Shuto Nojima, Natsumi Murase, DaeGwi Kim, Hiroyuki S. Kato, Megumi Akai-Kasaya, Takashi Yamada and Masahiro Shibuta, 25 January 2024, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07596

The study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Mitsubishi Foundation, the Murata Science Foundation, the Asahi Glass Foundation, the Konica Minolta Science and Technology Foundation, and the Casio Science Promotion Foundation.