Galaxy NGC 4383 evolving strangely. Gas is flowing from its core at a rate of over 200 km/s. This mysterious gas eruption has a unique cause: star formation. Credit: ESO/A. Watts et al.
Astronomers have produced the first high-resolution map of a massive explosion in a nearby galaxy, providing important clues on how the space between galaxies is polluted with chemical elements.
A team of international researchers studied galaxy NGC 4383, in the nearby Virgo cluster, revealing a gas outflow so large that it would take 20,000 years for light to travel from one side to the other.
The discovery was published on April 22 in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Researchers Dr. Adam Watts and Professor Barbara Catinella discuss the discovery and gas pollution in space. Credit: ICRAR
Insights From Stellar Explosions
Lead author Dr. Adam Watts, from The University of Western Australia node at the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), said the outflow was the result of powerful stellar explosions in the central regions of the galaxy that could eject enormous amounts of hydrogen and heavier elements.
The mass of gas ejected is equivalent to more than 50 million Suns.
“Very little is known about the physics of outflows and their properties because outflows are very hard to detect,” Dr Watts said.
“The ejected gas is quite rich in heavy elements giving us a unique view of the complex process of mixing between hydrogen and metals in the outflowing gas.
“In this particular case, we detected oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and many other chemical elements.”
The Role of Gas Outflows in Galactic Evolution
Gas outflows are crucial to regulate how fast and for how long galaxies can keep forming stars. The gas ejected by these explosions pollutes the space between stars within a galaxy, and even between galaxies, and can float in the intergalactic medium forever.
The high-resolution map was produced with data from the MAUVE survey, co-led by ICRAR researchers Professors Barbara Catinella and Luca Cortese, who were also co-authors of the study.
The survey used the MUSE Integral Field Spectrograph on the European Southern Observatoryʼs Very Large Telescope, located in northern Chile.
The MUSE instrument, attached to the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. Credit: A. Tudorica/ESO
“We designed MAUVE to investigate how physical processes such as gas outflows help stop star formation in galaxies,” Professor Catinella said.
“NGC 4383 was our first target, as we suspected something very interesting was happening, but the data exceeded all our expectations.
“We hope that in the future, MAUVE observations reveal the importance of gas outflows in the local Universe with exquisite detail.”
Reference: “MAUVE: a 6 kpc bipolar outflow launched from NGC 4383, one of the most H i-rich galaxies in the Virgo cluster” by Adam B Watts, Luca Cortese, Barbara Catinella, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Eric Emsellem, Lodovico Coccato, Jesse van de Sande, Toby H Brown, Yago Ascasibar, Andrew Battisti, Alessandro Boselli, Timothy A Davis, Brent Groves and Sabine Thater, 22 April 2024, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stae898
